Research Articles On Attitudes And Attitudes Towards...

Critical comparison of two journal articles on different perceptions and attitudes towards plagiarism and academic misconduct. Plagiarism is a major concern for both students and teachers and the consequences of plagiarising will differ depending on the degree of misconduct within an assessed piece of academic writing. Throughout this essay there will be a comparison of two journal articles supplied in the plagiarism reader. The first essay is ‘Exploring academic misconduct: Some insights into student behaviour’ written by Bob Perry and published in 2010. This article highlights the increase of misconduct cases reported in newspapers and research, stating that increase is paired with the ‘new internet enterprises’ that are benefiting from†¦show more content†¦In contrast the Flint et al.’s article provides two opposing definitions. The first, as defined by Liverpool Hope University, is the referencing techniques and writing skills used in a piece of written work explaining that: ‘The use of material which is not acknowledged to its source and also the direct use of material, reference or un-referenced without the clear indication that the material is taken verbatim from its source. Liverpool Hope University College, 2003’. The second defines plagiarism in terms of personal ownership and academic integrity using Pyer’s 2000 definition; ‘it is taking the words, ideas and labour of other people and giving the impression that they are your own’. It develops the definition of plagiarism emphasised in the first article by adding the need for a ‘declaration of academic integrity’ confirming that the work submitted is your own, this is the first time this point has been made in both articles. Research was taken out by both journal articles although the difference is the source of the research. Perry used three previous studies focusing on ‘The Times Higher Education Study’ to create a three paged questionnaire in order to assess the student’s perception at different level of study. His questionnaire identified a profile that acknowledged an age range, gender and employment category. It questioned attitudes towards statements and ethical reasoning as well as fears

Gilgamesh The Epic Of Gilgamesh - 1194 Words

The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian epic poem loosely based on a real king who ruled sometime around 2700 BCE. The standard version of this epic was written in the Akkadian language. In this epic poem, Gilgamesh is King of Uruk, he is one third mortal and two-thirds god; he is described as a strong, arrogant, and unruly king that does not show much consideration for his actions. Gilgamesh is a very egocentric person; he has no respect for the feelings of others and does not care about how his actions affect the citizens of Uruk. The Gods notice the unruliness of Gilgamesh and conjure up Enkidu to defeat Gilgamesh. Instead of becoming enemies, Enkidu and Gilgamesh become friends, but their friendship is short lived when Enkidu dies, which leaves Gilgamesh to extremely grieve for the loss of his friend. In order to avoid death Gilgamesh seeks out immortality from a man called Utanapishtam. Unfortunately Gilgamesh soon learns that he cannot escape death because he finally comes to terms with his own mortality and discovers that death is inevitable. The contrasting themes of love and friendship, fear of failure, inevitability of death, and wisdom of experience that occur throughout the Epic of Gilgamesh show how man cannot escape his own mortality no matter how hard he tries. The theme of love and friendship is a dominant theme throughout the epic mainly because this epic follows the relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu. Gilgamesh and Enkidu were meant for eachShow MoreRelatedGilgamesh And The Epic Of Gilgamesh988 Words   |  4 PagesThe maturation of Gilgamesh and his desire to acquire wisdom throughout his journey is quite apparent. By overcoming difficulties such as upholding Uruk, becoming friends with Enkidu, and various other scenarios, Gilgamesh proves that he did in fact grow up throughout the epic. As the epic starts, Gilgamesh is portrayed as a self-centered, self-admiring leader who believes that he is the only individual that can lead the city of Uruk. Gilgamesh believes that he is a god-like figure and often refersRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : Gilgamesh1013 Words   |  5 Pages Gilgamesh in 2015 Even though the epic Gilgamesh is thousands of years old, it is still read today. Why would the era of technology read an epic this old? This is because the themes in Gilgamesh are still relevant. In addition, the themes are experiences that Gilgamesh went through in his life period, and serve as lessons for the current readers. Gilgamesh’s themes include journey, legacy, love, and death. These themes make Gilgamesh a vital reading for the 21st century citizens because peopleRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh909 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† is a didactic story set out to expose the inevitability of death. The true meaning of this story is sometimes overlooked because the story is told in heighten language not easily understood. The epic hero in this story is Gilgamesh; he undertakes a quest for knowledge which is overshadowed by his ignorance. The tragic death of Enkidu, Gilgamesh’s trusted companion forces the epic hero to change his perception of death. To overcome great obstacles one must be willing to putRead MoreGilgamesh The Epic Of Gilgamesh877 Words   |  4 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh the lines that are repeated at the beginning and end of the epic show that only immortality a human can gain lies in creating things that last beyond a person’s lifetime. While at the beginning of the epic Gilgamesh is seeking eternal life, when he concludes his journey he realizes that he has created an enduring legend through the foundation of his city, Uruk. Through this legend, Gilgamesh can live on in the memory of his people, long after he has passed away. The epic is ableRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh876 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Epic of Gilgamesh a young man meets and befriends a wild man named Enkidu. Enkidu, once a man who lived among animals, became civilized after having sex with a female. From this point on Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s relationship start, but shortly into the novel E nkidu becomes sick and dies. This is the start to Gilgamesh journey in attempting to avoid death by seeking immortality. In his quest Gilgamesh meets several people all who assign different routes to the next person he should speak to.Read MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh1422 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Epic of Gilgamesh there are many notable relationships but the relationship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu is hands down the most noteworthy. When analyzing the relationship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu there are many factors that go into play. It is really the sole foundation of the whole Sumerian epic and it really changes the whole personality of Gilgamesh. In order to get a better understanding of how the two characters complement each other we have to first break down their individual appearancesRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1400 Words   |  6 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh Introduction The Epic of Gilgamesh is the story about Gilgamesh, the King of Uruk and Enkidu, their friendship, how Enkidu dies, how Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend and finally he understands enlightened truth . Most of this story is narrated from Gilgamesh’s point of view. The story is set in Mesopotamia and the portrayal of Gilgamesh is ironical. He is described as a king of immense vigor and strength who is not benevolent with his subjectsRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh2225 Words   |  9 PagesEpic of Gilgamesh In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh became a hero and Enkidu helped Gilgamesh grow and develop as a person, a leader, and a hero. Heroism is a major theme of this story. Gilgamesh also overcame the obstacle of his best friend dying and persevering when he had no other choice but to give up. The Epic of Gilgamesh was a story about a leader named Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh ruled the city of Uruk and along the way, he learned how to become a better leader. During this time, the gods createRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And Gilgamesh Essay2053 Words   |  9 PagesWhile the women in the Epic of Gilgamesh may not be the primary focus of the epic, which instead recounts more of Gilgamesh’s own trials and travails, they still play quite vital roles in their interactions with both Enkidu and Gilgamesh. Women such as Shamhat, Ninsun, and Ishtar in The Epic of Gilgamesh are often portrayed with a particular emphasis on their intrinsic connections to civilization—and in the case of Shamhat and Ninsun, in terms of their motherly characteristics as well—which servesRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh By Gilgamesh1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh was the earliest surviving written epic that told story of Gilgamesh king of Uruk that was the world first cities that was built along the Tigris and Euphrates River 5,000 years ago. Aruru created the human race, Enkidu and a wild man who roamed the pasture like a gazelle. The epic of Gilgamesh goddesses and scared harlots wild men who cavort in the fields with the gazelles kings who are descended from gods. The Urban Revolution was recognize the elements of our own world by

Should the Coast be Managed Free Essays

Every year land is both lost and gained in coastal areas due to physical processes, including the action of the sea. Much time and money is spent in an attempt to limit the change, seen as â€Å"damage†, that occurs. More advanced methods of coastal defence are tested and put into place and research is carried out. We will write a custom essay sample on Should the Coast be Managed? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet coastal management remains as a piece-meal approach, with different areas of coast dealt with using widely varying methods, some of which are the cause of this â€Å"damage† further along the coast. â€Å"Coastal defences, by their very nature, disrupt the natural processes operating on the coastline† (www. orth-norfolk. gov. uk) and it is this fundamental fact that should be considered by all those responsible for coastal management. Although this disruption is sometimes intentional, often it is not and thus more coastal defences must be put in place in order to correct the harm done by the original scheme. Conversely, there exists much land that is considered to be valuable in terms of its economic, social and environmental significance. It may seem a waste to simply watch this land being taken by the sea when there are preventative measures that can be employed. This essay will look at why the coast is protected, from what, and will give some examples of how as well as the advantages and disadvantages of coastal management strategies including taking no action against the work of the sea. The uses of the coastal area are numerous and diverse, making it difficult to prioritise on what should and should not warrant protection. Land that is situated close to the sea is often the location of homes with a high economic value in addition to the obvious emotional attachment of the owners. Historically valuable features such as buildings or monuments are important in terms of heritage and in turn tourism. Land that provides an income, i. e. farmland and camping ground is often situated along the coast and due to the natural beauty of coastal areas, attracts tourists as well as being aesthetically appealing for those that live close to it. Another natural feature is, of course, the precious habitats that are contained by the cliffs, and the scientific interest in those habitats. Settlements were originally located close to the sea for the purpose of transport and for many coastal locations, the import and export of both people and goods remains their principal function. Indeed, it is estimated that around 60 percent of the global population live within 50 km of the sea (Briggs, Smithson, Addison and Atkinson 1997). Consequently all of these activities and uses have strong arguments as to why they justify the time, expense and risk of affecting other locations in a detrimental way, that coastal defence schemes entail. The purpose of this essay is not to evaluate which of these is the most deserving but simply to acknowledge that all of these valuable features can be found in coastal locations and are therefore at risk from erosion by the sea. The processes that affect the coastline involve the action of the sea against the vulnerable beach and cliffs. Waves attack the coast in two fundamental ways. Firstly waves are formed and their energy increased by a combination of wind, tide and current. The force of this wave action is often enough to cause fractures in the rock and sometimes failures and de-stabilization through the trapping of air. The structure and geology are obviously major contributing factors when the severity of â€Å"damage† is considered. The second way in which the waves attack the coastline is really a strengthening of the first method and this is by the transport of sediments in the water. A wave that is carrying material that it has eroded or that is originally from the seabed has more power to potentially erode. This shoreline abrasion relies on both wave energy as well as a supply of material with which to attack (Summerfield 1991). Another coastal process is weathering which also occurs inland but is exacerbated at the coast due to the very nature of the area. This includes the wetting and drying cycles and also the existence of salt. Salt weathering has a greater effect on rock that can absorb seawater as this allows the salt to penetrate the rock and so work on its structure as opposed to only the external surfaces. Coastal defences obviously do not directly combat weathering as even if the land behind is protected from the sea, salt is ubiquitous and so will still reach it. So it is this persistent force from which the shoreline is, in some locations, protected. The methods used in this protection vary in construction and purpose but also in their efficiency, with each method exhibiting both positive and negative aspects. The best defence against erosion†¦ by the sea is a natural wide beach topped off at the inshore end with either high deep sand dunes or a shingle bank† (www. north-norfolk. gov. uk). Unfortunately not every coastal location has this advantage either for natural reasons or where the beach material has been removed for human use, for example building. In the case where there is erosion occurring and shoreline assets are threatened, artificial defences are put into place. One example of a coastal engineering method is the sea wall. These were widely used in the early stages of coastline management and some modern designs have since emerged which now play a major role in defence from the sea. The sea wall is intended to reflect the wave away from the land behind as opposed to a natural beach which absorbs and dissipates the wave energy. Another form that is frequently seen is the utilization of groynes. Groynes prevent the loss of beach material by creating an obstacle. They also encourage the build-up of sediment by interrupting and thus slowing the inshore tidal current. Combined, this means that there is a â€Å"natural† defence in the form of a more substantial beach in order to dissipate wave energy, consequently less erosion occurs at that particular site (see figure 1). Revetments are another commonly employed type of defence, constructed mainly from wood or concrete. The idea is that a surface sloping towards the beach dissipates wave energy meaning that less energy is available for erosion and also that sediment builds up in front of the revetment (www. north-norfolk. gov. uk). Type of defence Cost per metre (i) Revetment 500 Seawall 5000 Groyne 1000 There are, of course, many more coastal engineering methods but for the purpose of this essay, only three have been outlined. All methods, however, have their advantages and disadvantages. Management of the coastline in the UK, in terms of erosion, is generally taken as a piece-meal approach. That is to say each area is dealt with almost in isolation, and only relatively recently have the r elevant authorities become aware that the interference in one place is likely to have a considerable effect on another, further along the coast. An example of this is the implementation of groynes. The prevention of material loss and the subsequent build-up of sediment through interruption of the inshore tidal current can, in some cases, starve beaches further along, of the material that is required to maintain size and stability. So although one area is benefiting and a â€Å"problem† being solved, other areas can lose out and thus another problem is created. Conversely if groynes are correctly designed, they can work very well and they essentially do exactly what they are designed to. As many were constructed before it was realised that harm could be caused as well as good, the knock-on effects were not taken into account. Modern groynes are designed to be permeable in order that some sediment may pass through them and reach beaches further along. These have been used successfully on the north Norfolk coast where erosion and its prevention is of great significance. Sea walls work best on large beaches, where the sea only reaches the highest point of the beach during a storm (www. orth-norfolk. gov. uk). Then, should it happen that high tide and a storm coincide, the land behind the sea wall is protected from flooding and erosion. Sea walls require regular maintenance such as in the case of Ostend in north Norfolk, where annual maintenance is required (see figure 2 for approximate cost of initial building of sea defences). In addition to the costliness, there exists the situation of beach scouring caused by the waves reflected from the sea wall. This can, over time, lead to the collapse of the wall but also means that valuable sediment is being taken away from the beach – so reducing what little natural defence there was. A controversial approach to coastal management is that of leaving it to nature. This â€Å"do nothing† strategy has been adopted in numerous locations on the north Norfolk coast, including the area between Cromer and Overstrand where the present groynes are not being maintained and will eventually fail and be removed (see figure 3). A variation of this â€Å"do nothing† policy is the so-called managed retreat. This is where, again, the existing defences are no longer maintained or their maintenance is limited but in some locations a method of soft engineering is employed for example beach replenishment. The issues surrounding these types of â€Å"management† are not as simple as may be first thought. For example the financial benefit arising from either no defence being put in place or no longer maintaining the existing defence seems rather insignificant when the loss of valuable assets is taken into consideration. It is, however, almost completely natural, with material that is eroded form one location being accreted at another. The natural processes are, in this way, allowed to continue and the lack of interference would eventually ensure that there are no negative consequences at other locations as a result of coastal defence action. Despite this, it must be considered that once action is taken to defend the coast from the erosive power of the sea, it creates an issue as to at what point the management should cease and where. To suddenly no longer protect an area of coast may generate new problems and perhaps more expense. So the proposal of an integrated shoreline management strategy seems appealing. This is looked at in much depth by Karen Nichols in her paper â€Å"Coming to terms with Integrated Coastal Management†. Fundamentally, it would involve the linkage of all areas of the coastline in terms of action taken upon them. One possible solution could consist of a review followed by the implementation of a fully integrated coastal defence scheme combined with managed retreat. If this was undertaken on a national scale, with the co-ordination of all resources and authorities, perhaps loss of important assets and further damage in the course of protecting those assets would gradually be reduced to a minimum. It seems to be that the protection of our coastal locations will remain a much-debated issue, with the needs and wants of people contrasting greatly with the power of the sea’s natural activities. It is interesting that the focus of coastal management is to reduce coastal erosion yet it is the erosion of coastal land that supplies the beach with much of its material. As discussed earlier, a natural beach is the best form of shoreline defence†¦.. In conclusion it can be said that coastal protection is essential in certain localities but that it is an integrated management plan that will be most likely to succeed. How to cite Should the Coast be Managed?, Papers

Child Abuse Dynamic Period of Growth

Question: Discuss about the Child Abuse for Dynamic Period of Growth. Answer: Introduction: Childhood is the dynamic period of growth. Childhood acts as the framework for the development of an individual (Knowles et al., 2014). It is very important to understand the extrinsic and intrinsic forces that help in the production of the individual variation (Csikszentmihalyi Wolfe, 2014). The development way is unique for every child. The intrinsic forces have a direct effect on the attributes that are genetically determined such as temperament, physical characteristic, etc (Buss Plomin, 2014). The extrinsic forces mainly referred to the environmental factors that the child encounters in the childhood. This environmental factor mainly originates from the family. The things like the nurturing method that is provided to the child by the caregivers, the personalities of the parents and the siblings, the socio-economic status of the family, the cultural environment present in the surrounding of the child, all these factors have a great impact on the development and well-being of th e child. There are many theories, which try to create a framework for the better understanding of the developmental procedures of the children and infants. Most of the children try to make a connection with the others by sharing thoughts, actions, and feelings (Covey 2014). It helps in the development of the social milestone of the child. The first social sign that is developed in the child's life is the bonding of the infant with the caregiver, and it can be the mother. This bonding mainly depends on the feeling of the caregiver towards the child. With the time, the child learns to discriminate its mother's voice from the other voices (Friendly et al., 2014) and to express hunger, wet diaper and fatigue by crying (Koliba Feinberg 2015). To make a good bondage and gain the confidence of the child a caregiver must give prompt response to these cries and other behaviors (Ting 2013). If the parents are providing this care, then it will promote the parent-child relationship (Ordway et al., 2015). In the beginning, it requires a high-pitched vocalization and a smile from the caregiver to make the child smile but with time, less stimulation is needed, and ultimately after two to three months the child elicits a smile just by seeing the caregiver. Along with the development of the social skill the emotional development also occurs. From the birth, every child demonstrates its individual patterns of behavior and characteristic that helps to constitute the child's temperament. The temperament of a child decides how a child should react to the routine activities like dressing, feeding, playing and going to sleep. However, the regulation of a child's emotional state totally depends on the interaction between the caregiver and the child. This article mainly aims to the fact of understanding the potential impact of the abuse on child well-being and development. Nowadays in Australia, the negligence and child abuse social and public health problem. This negligence and abuse can lead to a large range of adverse consequence among the young people and children. Child neglect and abuse or maltreatment refer to any type of non-accidental behaviors by the caregivers, parents, and other older person that triggers a substantial risk of causing emotional and physical harm to the young person or child (Graham, 2014). This type of behavior may be sometimes intentional and sometimes unintentional. Child maltreatment includes sexual abuse, physical abuse, negligence, emotional maltreatment, and exposure to family violence. The behaviors of the parents may be developmental at one stage, but it should change with the time otherwise, it will be considered as inappropriate for the another stage of development. Physical abuse of the chi ldren includes hitting or shaking of the child. Although there are several such instants where the person doing the negligence or abuse did not intend to commit it. Any type of non-accidental use of the physical force against the child that result in the harm of the child is considered as physical abuse. Even also, the physical punishment given by the parents that lead to the bruising would be considered as physical abuse. Only a shaking that does not result in any injury is also said to be physical abuse. Hitting, shoving, shaking, slapping, punching, throwing, biting, kicking, burning, poisoning and strangling all this are regarded as types of physical abuse (Slep et al., 2012). The case of Samuel can be consider as physical abuse and he is abused by his father. We can confirm this because a two year old boy is severely injured and only his mother has come to admit him the hospital. The child also is not asking for his father this directs to the fact that the child is somewhat afraid of his father or he suffers from a trauma of his father. A two-year-old child should be very fond of his father but in case of Samuel it is not observed. It is seen that Samuel had a high amount of distress towards his father in such a little age. When Samuel will grew up this trauma of him for his father will come out as high amount of grievances. This will significantly affect the mental health of the child. He will develop depression, anxiety, academic problems, difficulty in concentrating in studies, and difficulty in sleeping. Samuel is a two years old boy has a fracture in his right scapula. He is a normal child, and no significant health history is present. Samuels mother is telling that he fell from the bottom step and landed on his back on the afternoon of the previous day, and it was seemed that he is ok after fall but the next morning when he woke up he was unable to move his arm. Therefore, she brought him to the emergency department. However, it is not clear from this that how a fracture in the right scapula can occur only just falling from the bottom step and on further assessment it was found that Samuel had a significant swelling and bruising over his right shoulder, and he becomes distressed when you handle his right arm. He also has small, oval-shaped bruises on his upper arm, and yellowed bruising around his left ear. One cannot get injuries in such different places of his body just by falling from the bottom step. Samuel's mother was telling a lie regarding the injury of him. She wanted to h ide the matter of physical abuse. She does not to bring it to the forefront that Samuel is abused. Nevertheless, the swelling and bruises of Samuel are giving the proof of the abuses that Samuel is facing. It is definitely a case of physical abuse. Someone has abused Samuel very badly. The fracture of Samuel at this age could be makes him very vulnerable for any type of fracture in his future life. In his whole life he cannot pick up something heavy or do some heavy work with his right arm because his right scapula is already having a fracture. In the event of child abuse, the first duty of the nurse is to note what she observes because each situation is different. It is very much essential for the wellbeing and to ensure the safety of the child. The nurse should discuss the matter with the colleagues whom she can believe and get support and advice from them (Kempe et al., 2013). The nurse should develop an action plan for the safety of the child and should contact other agencies like community health services, local government services (police), for help. The nurse should take the child in confidence and should take to the child. This talk should be done in privacy and maintain confidentiality. The nurse should also try to discuss the matter with the parents if she thinks it is safe to do so, and it will not have any adverse effect on the wellbeing of the child. If someone found that the parents are guilty of the abuse of the child, then it is the mandatory responsibility of the person o make a legal obligation and report to the government agencies for the protection of the child. So that protection can be provided to the child. In the case of Samuel the nurse should asked samuels mother to arrange a meeting with his father. A question should also be raised that how the child got oval-shaped bruises on his upper arm, and yellow coloured bruising around his left ear. The report should contain a detail description of the child, indication of the injuries on the body of the child and the behaviors observed in the child, reason behind the reporting, the report should very precisely contain the assessment of the immediate danger for the child, and there should be family information present in the report. If some dont have all these information it does not mean that he or she cannot make a report, if some find something suspicious he or she can report it. This must always be remembered before making the report that after reporting the responsibilities increases as there arise a question of the safety of th e child because the childs wellbeing and life both are at high risk after they find out that a report is launched. Reference: Buss, A. H., Plomin, R. (2014).Temperament (PLE: Emotion): Early Developing Personality Traits(Vol. 3). Psychology Press. Covey, S. R. (2014).The 7 habits of highly effective families. St. Martin's Press. Csikszentmihalyi, M., Wolfe, R. (2014). New conceptions and research approaches to creativity: Implications of a systems perspective for creativity in education. InThe Systems Model of Creativity(pp. 161-184). Springer Netherlands. Friendly, R. H., Rendall, D., Trainor, L. J. (2014). Learning to differentiate individuals by their voices: Infants' individuation of nativeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ and foreignà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ species voices.Developmental psychobiology,56(2), 228-237. Graham, B. R. (2014).Effective Child Abuse Investigation for the Multi-Disciplinary Team. CRC Press. Kempe, C. H., Silverman, F. N., Steele, B. F., Droegemueller, W., Silver, H. K. (2013). The battered-child syndrome. InC. Henry Kempe: A 50 Year Legacy to the Field of Child Abuse and Neglect(pp. 23-38). Springer Netherlands Knowles, M. S., Holton III, E. F., Swanson, R. A. (2014).The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge. Koliba, N. M., Feinberg, A. N. (2015). Newborn period: Teach the practitioner how to teach.Journal of Alternative Medicine Research,7(3), 237. Ordway, M. R., Webb, D., Sadler, L. S., Slade, A. (2015). Parental reflective functioning: an approach to enhancing parent-child relationships in pediatric primary care.Journal of Pediatric Health Care,29(4), 325-334. Seto, M. C., Hermann, C. A., Kjellgren, C., Priebe, G., Svedin, C. G., Lngstrm, N. (2015). Viewing child pornography: Prevalence and correlates in a representative community sample of young Swedish men.Archives of sexual behavior,44(1), 67-79. Slep, A. M. S., Heyman, R. E., Malik, J. (2012). Child maltreatment: Definitions, prevalence, and implications for diagnosis.Family problems and family violence: Reliable assessment and the ICD-11, 111-130.). Ting, J. (2013).A Gentle Touch: Christians and Mental Illness. Graceworks.