Managing Finance Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Finance - Research Proposal Example it mainly emphasizes on the projecting the demands (De-Almeida & William, 2014). Therefore, Wal-Mart mainly use of the flexible and static budgeting process and procedures. It is dependent on the forecasted demands that are based on the past sales and projections of the new products, season, consumer behavior and perception for developing budgeting processes. The management accounting system of Wal-Mart have been constantly changed and upgraded according to the advancement in the information technology and business environment. Currently, the company emphasizes on Just In Time, Inventory management and Economic Quantity Order techniques used in its management accounting system (Anon., 2014). However, these management accounting systems of the company has been amended with the passage of time. Wal-mart is focused on the low costing strategies. Hence, the adoption and changes in the management accounting systems of the company has been taken place time to time. The determinant to prevailing changes in the management accounting system is dependent on the external factors that the company aims to anticipate. The costing processes of Wal-Mart are very well maintained and are done by professional auditors all over the globe. The practices carried out in the factories are analyzed and are further characterized so that better check and balance can be made. The requirement standards of Wal-Mart, Labor policies, the payroll of the workforce, the rules and regulations provided by the Law are being followed within the factory or not? And the health and safety conditions are the essential of the â€Å"Audit Reviews†. After the examination of the practices of the factories Wal-Mart takes the decision to work with the factories or not (Bandy, 2013). The Wal-Mart is working in three major businesses. The priority of the organization is to improve the financial organization; this is due to the drastic changes in the financial sector. The

Politics and the English Language Essay Example for Free

Politics and the English Language Essay Politics and the English Language is an essay by George Orwell published in 1946 where he criticizes the way written English language has evolved. Orwell uses five texts from various contemporary authors to identify in them the perversions in the evolution of the language. He then classifies these into four main fallacies: dying metaphors or cliches, operators or verbal false limbs or the elimination of simple verbs and the use of passive voice rather than active, pretentious diction or terms used to impress rather than to convey meaning, and meaningless words or paragraphs that usually do not give much meaning. Moreover, the author emphasizes and criticizes the use of foreign languages amongst the English for useless sophistication. The writers main purpose is to reflect this decadence of the English language to the general decline in contemporary society and to relate it to Politics. In fact, according to Orwell, language is used for political purposes to transform it into a vague and meaningless set of prose phrases in order to conceal truths rather than express thoughts. This is exemplified with the case of political speeches, articles, and propagandas. Finally, he suggests a set of simple rules that could contribute to the reversability of the decay of English. Orwell seems to be quite objective since –for instance- he involves the reader in his text and even invites him to find some of the faults criticized, in it. Also, the six rules that the auhtor suggests to simplify English, could be very beneficial even for contemporary students in their writings. However, it seems that Orwell has used a prescriptive and quite subjective approach in his essay by which he finds what he is looking for based on the ideology he already believes in, that tends to be emerging from deep-rooted conspiracy theories.

Analysis of Information Technology Role for Global Retailer

Analysis of Information Technology Role for Global Retailer PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of report: This report has been requested by Mr Frank Hedge, the CEO of Myer Department Stores- Australia. The reports purpose is to investigate and analyse the strategic role of information technology (IT) to Myers business, including an IT infrastructure audit. Cloud computing is evaluated, and recommendations made for its partial adoption. 1.2 Limitations: This report is limited by the lack of IT infrastructure details provided by Myer. Assumptions were made when required, to enable completion of the report. 1.3 Scope of the report: This report focuses on Myer and the potential use of cloud computing within its IT infrastructure. Divided into four main sections, the report covers Myer; IT infrastructure challenges; cloud computing costs/ benefits and recommendations for cloud computing adoption. It has been compiled from research literature and phone/email interviews with two Myer store managers. 1.4) Myer and its industry Homepage URL; http://www.myer.com.au/ Myer is Australias largest department store group with 65 stores and approximately 14,000 employees. It is present in 25 of Australias top 30 retail centres and attracted 185 million customers in 2009 (Myer 2010). Myer generated net profits of $106.8 million for the first half of the 2011 financial year (AAP 2011). Myer operates across major segments of the Australian non-food retail industry as a department store chain. This industry consists of four segments; household goods, clothing soft goods, department stores and other (eg newspapers, books) (Myer 2010). Myer competes with other department stores, discount department stores, and single store operators as well as internet retailers and direct retailers. Within the department store segment, David Jones is Myers main competition though the former targets a slightly higher income group (Myer 2010). Competition exists with other retailers on price, store location, product range and customer service. Additionally, consumer demand hinges on factors such as disposable income which are sensitive to macroeconomic conditions eg interest rate rises (Myer 2010). The industry has struggled recently, due to weak consumer confidence and increased competition from cheaper overseas internet retailers (GST free and strong Australian Dollar) (Brooks 2010). 1.5) Myers products services: Myer offers approximately 600 000 product lines from 800 suppliers globally including categories such as; clothing; beauty and cosmetics; electrical and homewares (Myer 2010). Myer provides additional products and services such as; Myer One customer loyalty program, over 3 million members. Gift cards Myer corporate sales- eg corporate gifts, office fit outs, VIP nights Insurance (home, contents, travel, car) Bridal gift registry Myer Visa Card (Myer 2010). 1.6) Myers corporate mission corporate structure: ‘At Myer we strive to offer customers a wide and relevant choice of brands, rewards and ideas in a way that makes them feel both welcome and inspired, (Myer 2010, p.3). Myers corporate structure is shown in Figure 1.1. Head office operates under a hybrid of divisional (eg apparel, electrical division) and functional groups (Finance, marketing etc). A national retail store manager oversees regional store managers, who oversee individual store managers. Head office functional groups, directly manage their particular function (eg HR) in the individual stores (Myer 2010; S Johnson 2011, pers. comm., 20 April). (Adapted from: Myer 2010, pp. 25-7). 1.7) Myers major business processes: Laudon and Laudon (2010), note business processes are sets of activities to produce a product or service. Due to its variety of offer, Myer has many business processes such as; Sourcing product to offer in store. Automating administrative processes. Reducing stock theft. Creating visual merchandise displays. Analysing potential sites for new stores. Refurbishing existing stores. Making sales (Myer 2010). 1.8) Myers business strategy Myer has invested substantially in its business since 2006 ($500 million) realizing a world class supply chain, improved retail execution and focused customer service (competitive advantages) (Myer 2010). Myer aims for additional margin and sales growth using specific strategies of; Opening 15 new stores in next five years. Revitalizing instore environments for a better customer experience. Expanding the Myer One program. Implementing a new point of sale system (POS) improving productivity customer service. Implementing a CCTV system to reduce losses (Myer 2010). 1.9) Myers relationships with external entities: Myer has significant relationships with a variety of entities which include; Its 800 global suppliers (Myer 2010). Global sourcing offices in Hong Kong and Shanghai (Algar 2011). Partnership with Melbourne Institute of Technology for paid internship for students (RMIT 2011). Myers involved with philanthropic and community programs including children and womens charities and Melbourne Christmas Carols (Myer 2010). PART 2: IT INFRASTRUCTURE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES(727 words) 2.1) Description of Myers IT infrastructure: Laudon and Laudon (2010 p. 191) describe IT infrastructure as, ‘the shared technology resources that provide the platform for the firms specific information system applications. It includes investment in hardware, software, and services†¦that are shared across the entire firm†¦. Myers IT infrastructure was analysed according to Laudon and Laudons (2010 p. 203) model which comprises of seven components. The required information was obtained from Myers Head Office IT department and interviews with two store managers (Appendix 1). A summary of each component is presented in Table 2.1. The IT infrastructure differs between head office and individual stores, due to centralization (Slotty 2009). TABLE 2.1 Summary of Myers IT infrastructure ecosystem. (Adapted: Myer IT department; Interview with two Myer Store managers 2011). The key findings from the analysis of Myers IT infrastructure presented above, are as follows; Computer hardware platforms: Client machines (desktops) are not standardized across Myer. A small number of servers exist at multiple locations (65 stores) doing replicated tasks (localized data storage, networking etc). Operating system platforms: Client and server machine software is licensed per computer with Windows variability on client machines. Large information asymmetry exists between managers and sales staff due to their limited access to software (Laudon Laudon 2010). Enterprise software applications: While an intranet portal exists to link to Myers applications, only newer applications (eg Mymerch- merchandising, POS) are fully integrated. Many legacy systems remain isolated and not integrated. Networking/Telecommunications: Myer operates both analog (phone system) and digital (data) networks using two providers (Telstra and IBM). While Myer accesses the internet, it also operates private networks (intranet) in the form of LANs and WANs. Networking is not possible between individual stores. Consultants System Integrators: Integration and implementation of new IT infrastructure is outsourced to IBM, including training. Data management storage: While the majority of Myers data is stored with a third party vendor, localized data storage occurs at individual stores (65). Internet platforms: Physical infrastructure and maintenance of Myers website is outsourced to third parties. Information asymmetry exists, with very limited access to internet for individual stores. Myers network infrastructure is further illustrated in Figure 2.1, which outlines information flows. Note information does not flow between stores, only between stores and head office. (Adapted: Myer IT department; Interview with two Myer Store managers 2011). 2.2) The issues and challenges of managing Myers IT infrastructure: Myer faces several challenges and issues in managing its IT infrastructure. Laudon and Laudon (2010) identify challenges arising from platform and technology change, management and governance and investing in infrastructure prudently. These challenges are also influenced by the strategic role of IT to the business and the impact of the industry in which the organization operates. By revisiting section 1.8 it can be seen that IT plays an important strategic role in achieving Myers medium term goals of increased operating margins and sales growth by; Facilitating increased supplier and sales volumes from new store initiatives (eg hardware and software required). Optimizing productivity, cost savings and customer satisfaction via implementation of new applications (POS system and CCTV loss prevention system). Catering for an expanded Myer One loyalty program (increased data storage and analysis needs for targeted marketing) (Myer 2010). As a result of ITs important strategic role, the challenges of managing Myers IT infrastructure are intensified. This is best demonstrated by specific examples; The challenge of platform and infrastructure change: To best accommodate expected future growth, improved productivity, cost efficiencies and increased data needs, infrastructure components need to be easily scalable (Armbrust et al 2010). This will be particularly true with regards to Myers hardware software platforms, its enterprise software applications and its networking, internet and data storage platforms. Currently, significant pressures exist within Myers industry. Consumer spending is down and offshore internet retailers are offering cheaper prices due to the strong Australian dollar and absence of GST (Brooks 2010). This poses further challenges to Myer to adjust components of its IT infrastructure quickly to generate database driven marketing programs or improve its operating efficiencies (Myer 2010). If cloud computing platforms are considered as future components of Myers infrastructure, then appropriate use guidelines and practices will be needed. Service level agreements (SLAs) for example would commit cloud computing vendors to minimum levels of performance and reliability for Myers systems (Hinchcliffe 2009). The challenge of management and governance: The management and governance of Myers IT infrastructure is significant, considering its strategic role, further evidenced by the commitment of $500 million to its IT program since 2006 (Myer 2010). Aspects to be considered include the location of IT control (centralized or decentralized model), the allocation of IT costs to functional groups or stores, the strategies and policies for using IT and measuring effective return on IT investments (Laudon Laudon 2010). The challenge of investing in IT infrastructure prudently: Considering the significance of IT infrastructure for Myer as it seeks its business goals, this is a crucial challenge. Whether Myer should rent or buy its infrastructure components will be further investigated in section 4 of this report. (Laudon Laudon 2010) PART 3: CLOUD COMPUTING ITS BUSINESS BENEFITS COSTS(986 words) 3.1)An overview of Cloud Computing: Zhang et al. (2010) note cloud computing is not a new idea. While many definitions abound, from an organizations perspective, ‘Cloud computing is an architecture in which companies consume technology resources as an internet service rather than as an owned system (Brandel 2009, p. 1). Most people have already experienced cloud computing through the use of Hotmail, Gmail or Facebook (Wyld 2009). Recent improvements in internet bandwidth, virtualization of servers and storage, open source software, adoption of Web 2.0 standards, has pushed cloud computing strongly into the business sphere (Kennedy 2011). Mell and Grance (2011) claim that cloud computing consists of five crucial characteristics, three service models (software, platform and infrastructure as services) and four deployment models (private, community, public and hybrid clouds) which are outlined in Tables 3.1 and 3.2. Potentially cloud computing can deliver to a business most of its IT needs (from computing power to collaboration tools to software) as an on demand service, wherever and whenever required. As long as an internet connection exists, computing becomes location and device independent (Agger 2009). TABLE3.1 The crucial characteristics, and service models of cloud computing. (Adapted from: Mell Grance 2011, pp. 2-3; Department of Finance Deregulation 2011, pp. 12-3) TABLE3.2 The deployment models of cloud computing. (Adapted from: Mell Grance 2011, pp. 2-3; Department of Finance Deregulation 2011, pp. 12-3) 3.2) Current trends in Cloud Computing: Present studies suggest, ‘†¦the number of organizations using cloud computing to rise to 43% within four years as they continue to cut their costs (Cross 2011 p. 1). In addition to greater cloud computing use in general, there are several trends within cloud computing concerning areas such as; User type deployment models- ONeill (2011), notes small to medium enterprises using cloud computing are typically accessing public clouds for cost savings compared with private clouds. Alternatively larger enterprises use private clouds (third party or onsite) for greater control. Governments (federal level) are trialing SaaS and Ouellette (2011) believes state and local governments will soon follow. Purposes for using cloud services- Its principal use remains as a testing/developing environment and/or as a platform for less critical services and applications (Knorr Gruman 2010). Synder (in The Australian 2010) believes moving core applications to the cloud is still to come. ITs changing role- Hakala (2009) believes the need for IT workers performing maintenance tasks will contract as cloud computing is embraced and employees can ‘self serve directly from the cloud. Innovation- Cloud computing will continue to be a conduit for business innovation due to its low costs and rapid scalability of IT resources (Kennedy 2011; Information Age 2011) Pricing- Cloud computing pricing (especially commodity) continues to become cheaper and simpler for users. Thibodeau (2009) suggests models utilizing a set number of hours for a range of cloud services. SLAs improved security- Improving cloud computing reliability via strong service level agreements (SLAs) continues (Hinchcliffe 2009). Colley (2011) Violino (2010) expect most businesses will demand independent certification of cloud providers reliability in next few years. Cloud providers are targeting improved security to allay user concerns. Working groups such as the Cloud Security Alliance are focusing on this issue (Thibodeau 2009). Violino (2010) noted a need for better access control and identity management within and across clouds. Improved performance and service- The performance of cloud services rises, as more managed service providers enter the market (Ouellette 2011) and performance monitoring standardises (Thibodeau 2009). Typically IT staff connect cloud services individually, though cloud aggregators and integrators are emerging to smooth this barrier (Knorr Gruman 2010). 3.3) The business benefits of Cloud Computing: Cloud computing offers many benefits to business. Leighton (2009 p. 5) asserts, cloud computing will ‘transform the way IT is consumed and managed, promising improved cost efficiencies, accelerated innovation, faster time-to-market, and the ability to scale applications on demand. Sagari (c. 2010) notes the level of benefits cloud computing brings to an organization will vary dependant on the types of services utilized, the business processes evident and the degree of integration achieved. Major business benefits can include; Reduced costs (set up ongoing) * Increased flexibility response times Scalability increased efficiencies * Increased business focus. Increased innovation * Improved mobility Armbrust et al (2010) maintains, one of the most impressive benefits of cloud computing is scalability (elasticity of resources). The business pays for its hardware needs (servers, storage) on demand with the cloud providing great elasticity. Business needs can be scaled up or down as required, saving time, money and improving revenue in peak periods (Zhang et al. 2006; Waxer n.d.). Additional business benefits offered by cloud computing include; Smoothed cash flow * Increased strategic role for IT Reduced business risk * Improved sustainability. Greater computation power * Improved business continuity These benefits are further expanded in Appendix 2 with business examples and their references. 3.4) Cloud computing solutions for Myer: Section 4 details specific cloud computing recommendations to be adopted by Myer. In contrast, Table 3.3, outlines cloud computing solutions best suited to Myer for the aspect identified in column one. The reasons for these choices are as follows; Servers for serving applications- Amazon EC2 has been the market leader in this area and for good reason (Huang 2010). It exceeds Microsoft Azures new offering and it has a superior range of operating systems to use (eg Linux, Myer using), compared with Googles App Engine (Amazon 2011). Servers for storage- Amazon S3 was preferred over Microsoft Azure and Nirvanix for the reasons noted in Table 3.3 eg a price leader, very easy to use and highly reliable, SLA exceeding 99.99% (Huang 2010). Client productivity software- Microsofts new Office 365 retains the known office layout of which Myer staff are familiar. Additionally it incorporates email, calendar collaboration tools. Superior in features to Google Docs or Zoho (McAllister 2010). Private cloud- If recommended to Myer, Amazons virtual private cloud is a good solution. It integrates easily with a firms existing IT infrastructure, including firewalls and security systems (Amazon 2011). Applications- As an application development platform, Force.com has been suggested for its long history of business application development. Furthermore, to use this environment, subscription to Salesforce.com CRM applications are required, which may be beneficial to Myer (Force.com c.2011). TABLE 3.3Most suitable cloud computing solutions for Myer. (Adapted from: Amazon 2011;Force.com c. 2011; Microsoft 2011) 3.5) Costs of cloud computing to Myer: Typically the IT industry uses ‘Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) to determine the total cost of a technology implementation (Laudon Laudon 2010). Table 3.4 provides an estimate of the costs to Myer in implementing the cloud computing solutions listed in Table 3.3. As can be seen, support, maintenance, space and energy costs pass to the cloud provider and hardware and software acquisition costs are essentially avoided. Some training costs of the IT staff involved in implementing and/or the staff using the cloud services would be incurred (Aggarwal McCabe 2009). A small amount of ongoing support to Office 365 users may also be required. Integration issues and costs are not expected, as the servers and software to be sourced via the cloud will not be critical systems. Additional infrastructure costs (eg bandwidth) resulting from cloud computings greater internet reliance, may occur. Downtime estimates from providers SLAs are less than typical IT departments of large companies ie 44hrs/yr (Mann 2010). Moving data into and out of Amazon S3 storage, will incur costs (Amazon 2011). Finally, Aggarwal and McCabe (2009), reported TCO savings of some 50% over four years, for medium sized businesses implementing CRM software from the cloud, compared with on-premise deployment. TABLE 3.4 Total cost of ownership (TCO) for Myers cloud computing solutions. (Adapted from: Laudon Laudon 2010, p. 224; Amazon 2011; Microsoft 2011; Force.com c.2011 ) PART 4: RECOMMENDATION OF CLOUD COMPUTING ADOPTION/ ADAPTION(785 words) 4.1) Competitive forces model for IT infrastructure Investment: Specific recommendations for the adoption of a cloud computing strategy by Myer will soon be made. These recommendations will be based on the preceding analysis and also take into account the ‘competitive forces model for IT infrastructure as described in Laudon and Laudon (2010 pp. 222-3). Table 4.1 summarises the main points of this model as it relates to Myer. TABLE 4.1: Competitive forces model for IT infrastructure investment of Myer Model components Outcome 1) Market demand for Myers services (eg customer, supplier enterprise): Myers point of sale (POS) system supply chain improvements are based on extensive research of their services. These systems improved efficiency speed, and are satisfying customers, suppliers staff (Tindal 2010) Information asymmetry especially with sales staff is affecting performance.

wild flower :: essays research papers

Wild Flower†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"But father I love him!† said Tallulah, which means running water, and ran out of the tepee. Tallulah ran and ran not seeing the way. Tears were coming from her big brown eyes, passing soft pink cheeks, falling to the ground. She knew that she will never see her father again. There was love in her heart for him however the other feeling took over. Tallulah fell on the ground where green soft grass welcomed her beautiful small body that was gasping for air. Silk long black as a wing of a raven, hair were all over the face trying to dry the tears that were not stopping. Now Tallulah felt free. Free to do whatever she wished however the only thing she wanted was his love. The love that she met six months ago in the woods, while collecting berries for her family. It was love at first sight. Tallulah remembered that day like it was yesterday. His big blue eyes showed unlimited skies and ocean waves. Red hair endlessly played games with the sun. The lips, color of red wild flowers, spoke sweet words that melted in the air. Light skin was soft and warm to touch covered big built body that brought Tallulah security and took fears away. His name was Brendan, Brendan Smith. Brendan was a soldier that came from Ireland with his father looking for better being. At his eighteen Brendan knew the rules of life. Even as a soldier it was hard for him to accept the war and deaths of many innocent people. Brendan got used to seeing Indian people moved by force from one place to the other. He put himself in their position and imagined what kind of suffering they are going through but it was not in his power to change anything, to stop the war. * * *   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh Lord, what a beautiful flower you grew on this earth,† said Brendan looking at Tallulah. She Looked at him and was about to run away but her legs did not listen. â€Å"Do not worry I would not heart you. Just tell me your name.† no answer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Fine, don’t say a word; just let me look at you. Let me look into your brown eyes. Oh, they are so pure, I think I am getting lost in them.† Tallulah smiled. â€Å"Your smile is full of joy and innocence,† Tallulah looked down and her cheeks became red.

Powder

Some say there is nothing stronger than a bond between a father and his son. The trying and heartwarming relationship between the father and his son is shown in the story â€Å"Powder† by Tibias Wolff. There are many differences and similarities between the father and his son, maybe a few more differences than similarities but that doesn't stop them from spending time with each other. To begin with, throughout the story the reader makes it clear the differences between the two characters. First off, the father has more of a rebellious, outgoing resonantly whereas the son likes to play more by the rules and stays more reserved.You see this not only in the second sentence where it talks about the father sneaking his son into the club but also when the father calls the state trooper to send him in the opposite direction so they could drive on the icy unfortified road to get his son home for Christmas dinner. You would think that all teenage boys would love a father who is willing to break the rules, but from the story it seems like this kind of actions from his father makes him more uncomfortable because it upsets his mom.Also the father was more of a risk taker where his son looked ahead and thought things out more. You can see this in the conversation In the car when the son talks about his success in school and always getting his home work while his dad Is taking a risk driving on the closed road. Even though there are major differences, the father and son do have some similarities. They both seem to care a lot about their families and their relationship together.Throughout the short story you see the wild and crazy actions of the father UT if you read deeper you see he Is only doing this to get his son home In time so his mother will continue to let him see his son. You can even tell the son cares about the relationship with his father because he's doing things outside his comfort zone such as going on a ski trip and trusting his father to drive on the dangerous, winding road. You can even start to see them bonding In the last paragraph when the son starts to relax and actually for once enjoy the fun crazy adventure his dad Is taking him on Instead of being uptight and worrying.There's many different ways to express your love to the closest people around you. Through the story â€Å"Powder† you see the father trying to show his love to his son by taking him on crazy adventures and showing him a good time. Through these you can see the many differences and saltcellars In the two, but through these differences and saltcellars you begin see them bond and develop a real father-son relationship. Powder By cylindering 123 more.You can see this in the conversation in the car when the son talks about his success in school and always getting his home work while his dad is taking a risk but if you read deeper you see he is only doing this to get his son home in time so his You can even start to see them bonding in the last paragraph when the son starts to relax and actually for once enjoy the fun crazy adventure his dad is taking him on instead of being uptight and worrying. See the many differences and similarities in the two, but through these differences and similarities you begin see them bond and develop a real father-son relationship.

My Progress in Writing

My Progress in Writing As a non-native speaker who immigrated to the U. S. two years ago, English is a big obstacle for me in communication. I have had many difficult times speaking and understanding English when talking to others. Writing an essay was almost impossible for me to think of. Realizing how difficult it was to experience these linguistic difficulties, I then decided to go back to school to improve my English skills. Therefore, English became especially essential for me to succeed in my educational goals. I was determined to earn an Associate’s degree then transfer to a university for a Bachelor’s degree.I started going to ESL classes and studied English very hard to make progress in my speaking, reading and writing skills. After spending one year in ESL classes, I qualified for English 43. I learned lots of grammar and how to write paragraphs efficiently during these classes. I noticed that writing an essay was more challenging when I got into English 49. H owever, since then I’ve learned how to write a five-paragraph argumentative essay which was one of my weaknesses in academic writings. I have made a lot of progress in writing skills since I started studying English 49.I now think that I’m ready to go on to English 101 due to the fact that I have learned useful strategies to follow a writing process and develop coherent paragraphs effectively. A writing process is the most important step that I learned in this class. First of all, before writing a complete essay, I need to come up with the pre-writing which consists of free writing and brainstorming. I found this step essential because free writing helps me find as many supports and examples as possible and brainstorming allows me to organize and strengthen the structure of the essay.Moreover, writing everything related to the topic during prewriting steps helps me find more supporting details to put into the next step. I then use the step of brainstorming to map main ideas for an essay’s body and help myself avoid skipping and putting my ideas disorderly in each paragraph. The next important step of a writing process is an essay outline which is a most valuable way to form and develop the structure of my essays. This step allows me to list all the required information I plan to include in my essay. In fact, preparing an outline essay is very important to organize all of my thoughts in terms of major and inor details to support the central points of my thesis. I also noticed that a strong outline essay makes a solid essay because it helps me build the structure of my paper and its logical flow. A writing process is completely new to me because I had never learned this skill in my country. Nevertheless, I found this step to be helpful for me all the time before I start writing thorough essays. My scores were also significantly improved after I learned those steps in a writing process. Throughout this class I’ve learned useful strateg ies such as how to structure a five-paragraph essay and develop coherent paragraphs effectively.At first, I had no idea what a thesis statement was because the introduction is like a hook and there is no thesis as I learned in my country. Since I got into English 49, I’ve learned how to make a strong and clear thesis statement at the end of introduction paragraphs, that is, to inform the readers of three main points that need to be addressed to write the entire essay. Because English 49 requires me to create specific argumentative essays, the readers must expect to see clear major points of thesis statement from my position.Consequently, I did a really good job on coming up with a clear thesis as I made in my revised argumentative essay and writer’s choice in the portfolio. In addition to organizing and developing effective paragraphs, I learned that introduction and conclusion paragraphs play a special role in my essay, and they usually demand much of my attention as a writer. A good introduction has to identify the topic and provide essential context, and needs to engage the readers’ interest while a strong conclusion helps me reflect and restate the significance of what I’ve written by using my critical thinking.The second and third essays I included in my portfolio, for example, can demonstrate the huge progress I’ve made. In these two essays, I came up with interesting statistics and my background information in introductions to illustrate the seriousness of the issue I discussed. Additionally, at the conclusions, I broadened my central ideas and tried to convey my closing thoughts about the larger implications of my whole argument. Another strategy that I learned to develop body paragraphs effectively was to use topic sentences at the beginning of paragraphs.By using a topic sentence, I can state my central points in each paragraph explicitly as a map for my ideas to guide readers through my reasoning. This was a most u seful skill I learned in this class because I noticed that topic sentences serve as a mini-thesis for paragraphs and help readers follow along my logical ideas easily. Back to the time when I first came to the U. S. , I had so many problems with essay writing. I now feel much better since I have made a huge improvement of organizing and developing essays in a structured way.Finally, the wonderful strategy I enjoy studying in English 49 is learning how to use sources to support my ideas and strengthen effective discussion of my points in each paragraph. The main goal of my essays is always to make sure readers clearly follow the topic and my major points throughout essays. Knowing how to use various sources, such as examples, researched evidence, statistics and quotes is the most powerful tool that helps me greatly enhance my academic writing skills. Reading through my third essay, â€Å"Are Human Activities Contributing to Climate Change ? , you could see that I’ve shown pro of by integrating facts, concrete supports, statistics and factual details into each body paragraph to support my argument. However, being aware of how not to plagiarize is highly important for me when using sources. In this essay, there are a variety of ways I’ve learned how to introduce my sources to avoid plagiarism when I integrate quotations into my essay. I finally learned how to let readers know exactly where I found the sources for the quotations.As a non-native speaker who has been through ESL classes to English 49, I found that learning English is more interesting. English 49, in my opinion, has not only helped me build up and enhance my academic writing skills, but also gave me more opportunities to broaden my knowledge by researching, reading and writing on a variety of different topics . Despite the fact that English 101 will be much more challenging for me than this course, the obstacles of academic writing skills will inspire me to work harder to achieve succes s.

Free Essays on The Sinking Of The Lusitania

â€Å"The war to end all wars† was what some people called it. Others called it â€Å"The Great War.† Look at it anyway you wish, but World War I was not only destructive, but it just might have set humanity back in time. To say that there was a right and a wrong in the war is impossible. Both sides were wrong with things, but in the end, Germany suffered more, by being forced to pay billions of dollars in War Debts, and let the French control a rich mine for well over 15 years. Before that, Germany was a country that was just running over the Allied Powers with hardly any sort of problems. But soon, Germany’s reign on top of World War I was coming to a close. The Germans had a naval blockade of any ships that had passed through around the United Kingdom. Despite the blockade, many ships decided to ignore the warnings that Germany sent out to the Allied countries. One of these ships was the Lusitania. The Lusitania was a ship that embarked on a voyage to England, with passengers from all around, including many Americans. A bulletin was passed around to every person who boarded the ship, which stated that a war was going on between Germany and England. It also stated that Germany had placed a naval blockade surrounding the waters of England, and that any ship in that zone was at risk of being fired at by German troops. Sure enough, as the Lusitania entered that zone on May 7, 1915, a German submarine fired a missile underwater, hitting the Lusitania and in turn, killed more than 1,100 passengers and crew, 124 of them Americans. After the sinking of the ship, outrage ensued, and The United States was brought into the war. In a letter sent to the Germans from President Wilson and Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan, the United States showed how they grew tired of German submarine attacks. In an excerpt from the letter, Bryan said this: â€Å"The sinking of the British passenger steamer Falaba by a German submarine on March 28, throu... Free Essays on The Sinking Of The Lusitania Free Essays on The Sinking Of The Lusitania â€Å"The war to end all wars† was what some people called it. Others called it â€Å"The Great War.† Look at it anyway you wish, but World War I was not only destructive, but it just might have set humanity back in time. To say that there was a right and a wrong in the war is impossible. Both sides were wrong with things, but in the end, Germany suffered more, by being forced to pay billions of dollars in War Debts, and let the French control a rich mine for well over 15 years. Before that, Germany was a country that was just running over the Allied Powers with hardly any sort of problems. But soon, Germany’s reign on top of World War I was coming to a close. The Germans had a naval blockade of any ships that had passed through around the United Kingdom. Despite the blockade, many ships decided to ignore the warnings that Germany sent out to the Allied countries. One of these ships was the Lusitania. The Lusitania was a ship that embarked on a voyage to England, with passengers from all around, including many Americans. A bulletin was passed around to every person who boarded the ship, which stated that a war was going on between Germany and England. It also stated that Germany had placed a naval blockade surrounding the waters of England, and that any ship in that zone was at risk of being fired at by German troops. Sure enough, as the Lusitania entered that zone on May 7, 1915, a German submarine fired a missile underwater, hitting the Lusitania and in turn, killed more than 1,100 passengers and crew, 124 of them Americans. After the sinking of the ship, outrage ensued, and The United States was brought into the war. In a letter sent to the Germans from President Wilson and Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan, the United States showed how they grew tired of German submarine attacks. In an excerpt from the letter, Bryan said this: â€Å"The sinking of the British passenger steamer Falaba by a German submarine on March 28, throu...

Julius Caeser Essays - Ancient Rome, Roman Republic, Free Essays

Julius Caeser.txt Essays - Ancient Rome, Roman Republic, Free Essays Julius Caeser Gaius Julius Caesar, a patrician and noble, became one of the most powerful men in Ancient Roman history. Caesar was a populare1, and eventually became the people's hero. His leadership qualities gained him the consulship of 59 B.C., and eventually perpetual dictatorship. Caesar's acquired power soon became immense, and soon the ruling class began to fear his power. This wealth of power brought back images of the ruthless Roman monarchy, abolished centuries before, in 510 B.C. Caesar presided over the military, politics and religion; it allowed him to virtually control Rome. And, it was eventually Caesar's power which led to his demise on the Ides Of March in 44BC. CAESAR'S POWER Caesar gained power in three main areas which dominated Roman life. He acquired power in politics and the government, in religion2, and in the military3. Using his power in these posts, his established a form of rule through which he could control many aspects of Roman life. On July 25th, 46B.C., Julius Caesar secured the office of Dictator4 for ten years. It was here, that Caesar found his power to preside over others, and where he became passionately hated by the Roman ruling class. As dictator, Caesar had secured the power of an absolute ruler. Earlier that year, he had been given Censorial powers, as the 'Director Of Public Morals' (praefectura morum)5. The dictatorship now meant that he had the powers of all the other offices in the Cursus Honorum.6 Caesar wanted to make reforms to improve life in Rome. However, he needed the Senate's help to pass legislation. The Senate had been one of the main problems for Caesar's predecessors. They had obstructed the passage of laws which would have benefited the state. However, Caesar was determined to not be presided over by the Senate. The civil war against Pompey had taken a toll on the Senate. Many of Pompey's supporters who were Senators, had been killed in battle. In addition, Caesar had increased the number of Senators from five to six hundred, to about nine hundred. To fill the vacant seats, he selected the Senators from a range of places7 and occupations. The new senators were all supporters of Caesar8, and vastly outnumbered the old senators.9 Effectively, the Senate became nothing more than a puppet of Caesar's power. As Caesar was dictator, his Imperium power was greater than any of the magistrates, even the consuls. He had gained many rights, as dictator which also allowed him to control the magistrates, and their elections. During Caesar's rule, elections into office proceeded as normal. However, he had passed legislation which allowed him to control the elections10, whereby his suggestions were always acknowledged. In this manner, many of his colleagues were rewarded with posts as magistrates. Prior to Caesar, the consuls had been the most respected and powerful of the political magistracies. Now, it had been turned into an insignificant parody of its former use. Cicero makes comment about the way in which Caesar had converted political office into a 'sad joke' - "At one o'clock, Caesar announced the election of a consul to serve until 1 January - which was the next morning. So I can inform you that in Canninus' consulship, nobody had lunch. Still, nothing untoward occurred while he was consul: such was his vigilance that throughout his consulship, he did not sleep a wink!" 11 His further comment, also showed his opinion of what Caesar had turned the political magistracies into: "...you could not help but weep... there are countless similar instances.12" The dictatorship was the one thing which was constitutional about Caesar's rule. However, "in him [Caesar], the awed respect for constitutional niceties with which so many of his fellow Romans were imbued, seems to have been totally lacking.13" And then in February of 44BC, he was named Dictatus Perpetuus. Being dictator for life, now meant that Rome had effectively reverted to absolute control - what the republicans had feared for. His term as dictatus perpetuus also granted him rights which made him invulnerable to constitutional safeguards. Now, the veto of the tribunes14 couldn't affect his legislation or decisions. One of the safeguards of the constitution of the Republic had been removed15; and thus autocracy became one step closer. DICTATOR, AUTOCRAT & MONARCH ? Caesar's

Japanese Art of the Kamakura Period Research Paper

Japanese Art of the Kamakura Period - Research Paper Example Even with constant wars, the Buddhist religion got support from the samurais and other people. Other cultures and traditions were practiced, as they become a popular commodity. The arrival of the Europeans changed the Japanese ways of thinking as the constant wars were reduced. The word medieval may seem to be inquisitive, because it was first applied to European history. It elaborates a middle phase connecting the go down of the Roman kingdom and the beginning of the renaissance. Throughout this era, middle government was unstable and people were divided among feudal leaders. 16th century Japan was separated in the midst of warlords recognized as Daimy, and Europeans who came to Japan at that moment felt it look like medieval Europe. In the 1900s, Japanese educationist also saw this resemblance (Lang & Jujutsu). They took the term medieval to illustrate the era when Japanese imperial authority was unstable and warriors took a significant part in leading the society. These were the t imes of Japan’s first two warrior authorities: the Kamakura and the Muromachi. There are many questions asked about the Japanese’s warriors and their operations. People have come up with different answers and assumptions to these questions. During the late year 1170s, nobody might have imagined that soldiers led by the Minamoto tribe were about to create an autonomous government. The majority of warriors worked as middle-level officers in the district, operating as supervisors on government personal public lands or on confidential estates (Lang & Jujutsu). They took their place to central government upper class and strong temples. If a soldier breaks the rules of his superiors, he would be taken to be a rebel and his properties given to opponents. Consequently, for most of the 12th century, regal officials controlled the soldiers. The two supreme soldiers clans of the moment were the Taira (also recognized as the Heike) and the Minamoto (recognized as the Genji). Both worked for associates of the regal relatives and the Fujiwara relatives of regents. In the years 1150s, the Taira were on the victory side in a pair of disagreements that assisted them go up to places of power. The Taira head, Kiyomori, became prime Minister and wedded his daughter to a potential emperor (Lang &Jujutsu). In difference, the Minamoto were on the losing side in the two disagreements. Consequently, the tribe’s adult male leaders were executed and the boys sent into hideouts. During the year 1179, Kiyomori took the role of a practical dictator. In the year 1180, he forced the regal court to crown his grandson (the kid of his daughter who had wedded a royal leader) the next ruler. That same year, a displeased royal prince, angry that he was passed over for the throne, gave a call-to-arms. Yoritomo sent away leader of the Minamoto tribe and now a grown-up, activated soldiers to join him in ambushing the Taira. The Minamoto and Taira battled the span of the state for five years in a disagreement known as the Genpei fight (Sato 12). When the Taira were at the end defeated, Yoritomo continued with the building of Japan’s initial warrior government. The actual importance of the war was the soldier’s first move towards autonomy from the regal government. Yoritomo won over majority of eastern soldiers over by securing their lands and employment. Consequently, soldiers who were unconfident with the previous system chose to unite with the Minamoto, although they were not really part of the Minamoto

Maslow's Theory of Needs and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maslow's Theory of Needs and Leadership - Essay Example The implementation of CSR in an organization can be integrated with Maslow’s theory of motivation through the employees. Employees have a need to be recognized in the organization, which is a major part of Maslow’s theory of motivation. The achievement of CSR in an organization is achieved through a trade-off between the social responsibility and financial impacts of the program, which can be achieved by the provision of motivation to the employees. The second article, â€Å"Learn Change Leadership from Two Great Teachers† (Maccoby), discusses the systems that can be used in an organization to make it more effective and efficient. The author cites the examples of two historical figures that helped in the development of systems to motivate employees. The author proposes that employees work best in an organization when intrinsic motivation is applied to their performance, which is in line with Maslow’s theory of motivation. According to Maslow, an employee h as different levels of motivational needs, with one of the main ones being intrinsic motivation. ... The article proposes that a leader’s job is to create conducive environments for their employees to achieve their full potential, which can be interpreted according to Maslow’s theory of extrinsic motivation. The author discusses the failure of leaders in today’s organizations to allow employees develop their full potential, which includes allowing an employee to exert their own leadership skills. According to Maslow’s theory, this is helping an employee develop the full levels of the motivational steps. The development of an employee’s full potential is based on four major steps, with the first step being the availing of learning opportunities to employees. The second step is involving employees in the decision-making process, and the third step is allowing employees to lead so they can grow in the organization. The last step of O’Toole’s process is the measurement of the development of the organization, which in turn includes measuri ng the employees’ development. The article by Hawthorne discusses the application of people processes in the organization to motivate employees. The author discusses three main steps in the people management process that help an organization develop the best employee force, which is also related to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The first step in the process is the selection process of franchises and the best employees for the job. The second step is training the selected people to accomplish tasks in the organization, and the last step is performance management. According to Maslow’s theory, the performance management process is the best way of achieving motivation for employees, since the employees are rewarded for their job in the organization. The author

Short story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Short story - Essay Example Their grief at the loss did not last forever, however. A year later, they were blessed with another daughter, the beautiful Princess Annabelle. Everyone agreed she was the sweetest child they had ever seen. Moreover, as she grew she remained sweet and innocent. Now she was 14 and the loveliest girl in all the land. They also had a son, Prince Benjamin, the Heir Apparent. Ben was a cheeky boy, barely twelve years old. He was tall and well built. As such, he looked older than a child of his age did, but he was playful and impish and always getting himself – and his sister – into trouble. Annabelle, for all her beauty, was naà ¯ve and impressionable and Ben would use that to his advantage. She was constantly getting into trouble because of him. Getting caught in the kitchen with her hand in the cookie jar, being blamed for stopping up all the heralds’ trumpets with feathers, but she didn’t mind. She loved her brother completely and everyone knew his pranks w ere harmless fun. Unfortunately, not everything was harmless and fun in the kingdom. The northern side of the palace faced a humongous, lone mountain. Not so long ago it was merely an inconvenient landform, making passage to the north more difficult than it might have been. But then, rumor has it, an evil witch decided to make the mountain and its many winding caves her home. Travelers began setting out to the lands north of the Kingdom and disappearing. Caravans of tribute began disappearing. The King sent a legion of soldiers to the mountain to oust the Witch, but they were struck down. A few bodies were found, but no one came back alive. This really troubled the king because it was frustrating efforts to ensure that his subjects were safe and had the freedom of movement. At some point, he asked his subordinate to arrange a troupe of the best soldiers who would

Is Cutting Edge Textbook suitable for Saudi Cadets Essay

Is Cutting Edge Textbook suitable for Saudi Cadets - Essay Example They are given six months for experiment and see the suitability of these new textbook compared to the previous textbook which they used. Previous textbook was designed by the Technical Studies Institute of Dhahran Saudi Arabia. This study is aimed to research the influence of Cutting Edge textbook and the improvements it brings in the skills, knowledge and understanding of English language. 1.2 Problem The skills and knowledge of English language of cadets of Saudi air forces is not found up to the required standard. It is believed that English being the second language for Saudi students, it requires more planned and organized textbook for learning. Decision to give 75 students the textbook of Cutting Edge for English learning is made to experiment for six months. The problem identified for research of this study is to find out the suitability of the Cutting Edge textbook to the cadets selected for experimenting English learning with it 1.3 Research question â€Å"Is Cutting Edge Text Book suitable for Saudi Cadets?† 1.4 The purpose of study The purpose of this study is to understand the importance of English language in daily life and what are the reasons for its significance. It is also aimed in this study to learn about the various materials and techniques used in the Cutting Edge textbook. The audience addressed by the Cutting Edge textbook, the exercises used and places where it is implemented successfully are included in the purpose of research. The main objective is to evaluate the contents of the Cutting Edge textbook and find the extent of its suitability for the Saudi cadets. 1.5 Thesis Structure This section gives a structure of every chapter... The intention of this study is education as the process of learning. There are two ways in which learning takes place. The first way is by observation and experience. The most common example of learning by observation and experience is that of an infant baby who when comes in this world has very little knowledge about the way things need to be done. As the time passes by, the baby begins to recognize his parents, demand milk by crying, and struggle to do what other people do around him. First sit up, and then walk and then talk, this entire learning takes place only through experience and observation of parents and baby’s surroundings. The second way is through academic education in which there is a teacher, textbooks, other tools and the student. Student acquires the knowledge by listening and understanding the lectures of the teacher, reading the textbooks and other course materials. Education generally refers to this second way of learning. Every human being has an intellec t that helps him to think and understand anything around him. However, understanding requires knowledge. The only way of acquiring knowledge is through the process of learning either by experience and observation or by education. Knowledge helps a person to understand the creations of God and science helps in accepting it through reasoning and experimenting. The source of knowledge is God and therefore it is infinite. Man only struggle to search and acquire knowledge to get benefits out of it. The human capacities of knowledge are developed by education which is a creative and continuous process.

Fruit of the Loom Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fruit of the Loom - Research Proposal Example The main focus of the business is on producing consumer clothing of wide range catering to the needs from children to senior citizens. The overall business model of the firm is based upon selling its merchandize to chain stores and other outlets which than sell out the products of the company to the general public. The overall product range of the firm is really diverse and includes underwear as well as designer socks aimed at mass market accessed through these superstores and other chain stores. Fruit of the Loom does not sell directly to its customers through its own outlets. Firm also sells designer socks and sell them in different varieties aimed at different target customers. The overall range of socks includes designer socks for men, women, boys, girls as well as toddlers. This diversified range of products therefore caters to different needs of the customers while at the same time provides essential utility. The different ranges according to gender however are further divided into suitable categories such as â€Å"Everyday Basics†, â€Å"Stays Back†, â€Å"Odor Special†, â€Å"Sport Stretch†.1 The range of designer socks therefore covers almost every market segment and is rightly placed in the market to cater to the needs of mass market while at the same time offer designer looks and utilities. ... Such situation therefore may indicate that overall demand for designer socks may be low as consumers may not be willing to spend on high priced items. Social & demographic factors Designer clothing always suggest prestige and honor and those who use such type of clothing often attempt to build such image. As such designer products are often used by the consumers falling in high income earning groups. Technological trends Technology is shifting towards making designer socks fit to different needs of the consumers. Add-ons such as ankle support, no-fading of colors, odor-control technology etc are some of the key technological changes which will further create niches in the market. Firms focusing on offering such technological add-ons therefore can certainly be dominating in the market. Regulatory issues Regulatory issues may come in the form of health related regulations which may force firms to adapt certain technologies and practices which can reduce the health risk associated with the use of such products. Further, issues like improper labor standards, child labor as well as unhygienic conditions in countries from where raw material is imported can create significant challenges for the firms to deal with. Five Forces Analysis Threat of new entrants Though the overall cost of entry may be not be relatively high however, it may be relatively difficult for newcomers to dominate a market which is full of already established players in the market. Though consumers may prefer a certain image or attachment with a designer brand however an innovative product by a new entrant can disrupt the market. As such the overall threat of new entrants may be

The effects of weather and terrain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The effects of weather and terrain - Essay Example The nature of a given terrain is likely to affect the visibility of certain areas. For instance, highly mountainous areas may not be easily to view. As a result, commanders may need to apply technology to enable viewing of such areas and make their operations possible. Similarly, some areas tend to have very tall trees and thick vegetations which are likely to hinder the visibility of a given region1. Due to the challenges presented by this type of topography the commanders should invest in technology that enables them to avoid such challenges, for instance, satellite. Invisible regions of electromagnetic continuum, magnetic forces as well as radiations affect the means of communication in the context of war. For instance mountainous areas may affect the issue of communication network. In such a case, military commanders are likely to face challenges when giving orders to their forces. As a result, the concept of airmobile has been introduced to overcome the challenge of such terrain s. The transportation of war materials and troops is highly affected by the topography of an area. For instance, areas surrounded by oceans, that is, islands will not favor on-ground transport such as trains. Similarly, landlocked regions do not allow movement of troops by the sea or ocean. Moreover, mountainous areas require physically fit soldiers who can operate in such areas. This is because; the challenge lies in transporting the soldiers up and down in such steep and varied terrains areas as suggested by Keating2. During the civil war, maps on the topography were regularly supplied in order to make operations of the war possible. This is because the presence of inaccurate maps would proof a challenge in planning and coordinating the operations of the war. However, knowledge of topography ensured the union blockade of ports, control of the Mississippi river and control of higher grounds.

Is Cutting Edge Textbook suitable for Saudi Cadets Essay

Is Cutting Edge Textbook suitable for Saudi Cadets - Essay Example They are given six months for experiment and see the suitability of these new textbook compared to the previous textbook which they used. Previous textbook was designed by the Technical Studies Institute of Dhahran Saudi Arabia. This study is aimed to research the influence of Cutting Edge textbook and the improvements it brings in the skills, knowledge and understanding of English language. 1.2 Problem The skills and knowledge of English language of cadets of Saudi air forces is not found up to the required standard. It is believed that English being the second language for Saudi students, it requires more planned and organized textbook for learning. Decision to give 75 students the textbook of Cutting Edge for English learning is made to experiment for six months. The problem identified for research of this study is to find out the suitability of the Cutting Edge textbook to the cadets selected for experimenting English learning with it 1.3 Research question â€Å"Is Cutting Edge Text Book suitable for Saudi Cadets?† 1.4 The purpose of study The purpose of this study is to understand the importance of English language in daily life and what are the reasons for its significance. It is also aimed in this study to learn about the various materials and techniques used in the Cutting Edge textbook. The audience addressed by the Cutting Edge textbook, the exercises used and places where it is implemented successfully are included in the purpose of research. The main objective is to evaluate the contents of the Cutting Edge textbook and find the extent of its suitability for the Saudi cadets. 1.5 Thesis Structure This section gives a structure of every chapter... The intention of this study is education as the process of learning. There are two ways in which learning takes place. The first way is by observation and experience. The most common example of learning by observation and experience is that of an infant baby who when comes in this world has very little knowledge about the way things need to be done. As the time passes by, the baby begins to recognize his parents, demand milk by crying, and struggle to do what other people do around him. First sit up, and then walk and then talk, this entire learning takes place only through experience and observation of parents and baby’s surroundings. The second way is through academic education in which there is a teacher, textbooks, other tools and the student. Student acquires the knowledge by listening and understanding the lectures of the teacher, reading the textbooks and other course materials. Education generally refers to this second way of learning. Every human being has an intellec t that helps him to think and understand anything around him. However, understanding requires knowledge. The only way of acquiring knowledge is through the process of learning either by experience and observation or by education. Knowledge helps a person to understand the creations of God and science helps in accepting it through reasoning and experimenting. The source of knowledge is God and therefore it is infinite. Man only struggle to search and acquire knowledge to get benefits out of it. The human capacities of knowledge are developed by education which is a creative and continuous process.

The effects of weather and terrain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The effects of weather and terrain - Essay Example The nature of a given terrain is likely to affect the visibility of certain areas. For instance, highly mountainous areas may not be easily to view. As a result, commanders may need to apply technology to enable viewing of such areas and make their operations possible. Similarly, some areas tend to have very tall trees and thick vegetations which are likely to hinder the visibility of a given region1. Due to the challenges presented by this type of topography the commanders should invest in technology that enables them to avoid such challenges, for instance, satellite. Invisible regions of electromagnetic continuum, magnetic forces as well as radiations affect the means of communication in the context of war. For instance mountainous areas may affect the issue of communication network. In such a case, military commanders are likely to face challenges when giving orders to their forces. As a result, the concept of airmobile has been introduced to overcome the challenge of such terrain s. The transportation of war materials and troops is highly affected by the topography of an area. For instance, areas surrounded by oceans, that is, islands will not favor on-ground transport such as trains. Similarly, landlocked regions do not allow movement of troops by the sea or ocean. Moreover, mountainous areas require physically fit soldiers who can operate in such areas. This is because; the challenge lies in transporting the soldiers up and down in such steep and varied terrains areas as suggested by Keating2. During the civil war, maps on the topography were regularly supplied in order to make operations of the war possible. This is because the presence of inaccurate maps would proof a challenge in planning and coordinating the operations of the war. However, knowledge of topography ensured the union blockade of ports, control of the Mississippi river and control of higher grounds.

Outrigger Case Study Essay Example for Free

Outrigger Case Study Essay Though the hotel and resorts industry has suffered due to the declining economy over the past several years, Outrigger Hotels and Resorts (â€Å"Outrigger†) has been able to maintain a strong niche market in Hawaii as well as beginning to expand geographically, establishing a stronger international presence. Though they began as major competitors with companies like Marriott, Hilton, and Starwood, Outrigger has been able to diversify its product portfolio mainly through acquisitions to appeal to a wider customer base. Outrigger created OHANA hotels to attract more â€Å"budget travelers† as well as beginning to offer condominiums off the beach front to appeal to regular travelers that vacationed more frequently. In these new markets, Outrigger benefited from no direct competition and is able to benefit from a diversified product portfolio. Outrigger has enjoyed success in these new markets but has faced many problems due to their entrance into these slightly different markets. In spite of Outrigger’s aggressive geographical and product expansion in new markets, it has preferred to maintain a centralized management structure. Along with their centralized management structure Outrigger has tried to develop centralized operations and information systems. Outrigger’s operations and IT infrastructure in Hawaii were highly centralized. Outrigger’s properties in Hawaii all utilized the same Central Reservation Office; however all other properties located outside of Hawaii handled their reservations in house, limiting collection of important customer data and missing out on the opportunity to enjoy significant cross-property traffic. All properties in Hawaii ran on a JD Edwards ERP as the cornerstone of Outrigger’s back office operations while running Stellax, their integrated CRS/PMS, providing revenue management, reservation center support, and enabled data collection for further analysis on their E.piphany software. This integrated IT infrastructure has allowed Outrigger to â€Å"harness the analytical power of E.piphany to do forecasts and generate business intelligence both at the source of business and at guest levels.† Properties outside of Hawaii are not allowed to benefit from integration of IT and information systems since they run on similar but different systems that do not allow for real time electronic interface with other hotel locations and wholesalers of vacations. Outrigger believes that a  centralized IT infrastructure and systems is a source of competitive advantage. However, as the firm has diversified its product portfolio and geographic presence they have been sacrificing the centralization of IT infrastructure and have been unable to harness the potential benefits of integrated systems in their international markets. To remedy this problem of a lack of integration and communication, Outrigger could expand their use of Stellax to its international locations, develop a new PMS/CRS system that better could better handle the different needs of Outriggers’ properties in different markets, or move its information sharing to the cloud for better communication between properties. Expansion of Stellax would benefit Outrigger by enabling consistent data gathering and analysis of important business and customer information that could allow for rewards programs that could increase profitability through cross-property traffic and meeting the needs of the customer better. This expansion of Stellax would be expensive and could create problems due to differences in needs between properties in Hawaii and international properties. Development of a new PMS/CRS platform that would be better suited for the wide variety of needs between different properties, though customization could be achieved through the ap plication of add-on modules that could tailor the new PMS/CRS system to the unique needs of each individual property. This solution could be very complicated and much more expensive then the first alternative due to the degree of customization. In addition, this option could create a more decentralized structure when Outrigger is trying to achieve increased centralization of operations. Lastly, Outrigger could move their information sharing between properties to the cloud. This option is less expensive than the other alternatives but would offer limited benefits. Though properties would be able to share business and customer information, analysis would be limited due to different data gathering techniques and differences between the type of business and customer data that each individual property’s system collected. To enable better integration of properties and to create a more centralized IT and systems infrastructure, Outrigger should develop a new PMS/CRS platform that would meet the needs of their diversified product markets. Though this option is most expensive it offers the most centralized structure and the greatest potential value for  Outrigger. Stellax is very outdated even though it still suits the needs of properties in Hawaii, but not the needs of Outrigger’s international properties. By developing a new customizable PMS/CRS platform, Outrigger would become much more centralized and could create value from its diversified portfolio of projects through the utilization of rewards programs that promote cross-selling of Outrigger properties and harnesses the power of business and customer information that is consistent between Hawaii properties as well as international properties. To track to success of such a large system implementation Outrigger could track the amount of customers that visit multiple Outrigger locations and the success of cross-selling of properties through the tracking of customer’s redeeming rewards points they earned through staying a multiple different Outrigger properties. Implementation of brand new software is risky however if it is properly managed and implemented correctly the rewards could greatly outweigh the cost.

Factors That Determine the Success of Supermarkets

Factors That Determine the Success of Supermarkets 4.1 The general factors that determines the success of supermarkets Supermarkets are using all kinds of tricks to attract customers from introducing to new offers to give them loyalty discount. Supermarkets are providing all kind of incentives to customers. And starts of online shopping of grocery service by Supermarkets have created more convenience for the consumers to order their groceries from the comfort of their home. Here the author is discussing the success factors of the Supermarkets. 4.1.1 Range of choice The Supermarkets sells range of products. Consumers have wide variety of choice to select the product they want. It is important for the supermarkets to keep all the products in stock otherwise consumers will move to other supermarket or retailers. Consumers are very sensitive on what they buying. They always like that the supermarket they shop should keep the products in stock all the time. Supermarkets always monitor the consumer buying trend and always keep the certain products in stock all the time. It is also important that supermarkets should keep all the products in stock at all their stores. Now supermarkets even sells the ethnic foods like, Indian, African to attract ethnic customers. 4.1.2 Products must be on shelves Products should be on stock is important but what more important is to they must be on shelves. All the products must be properly displayed and the product mix must be adequate so it becomes easy for the consumers to choose the products. Supermarkets monitors what consumer buys most with the particular product or what he/she would like to buy with that product and then they display those products in the store next to each other. It makes easy for the consumers to choose products easily. It is also been seen that Supermarkets always display basic necessity products like Milk, Bread etc. in the last corner of the store so consumers have to reach there by passing and looking at all other products which attracts them and persuade to buy. 4.1.3 Effective Marketing Supermarkets use all sorts of marketing strategy to attract the customers. Their adverts are more customer centric which they like attract. For e.g., Asda attracts customers with the slogan Always low price. Tesco slogan is Every little helps as they wants to attract a large economical consumer group which cannot afford premium supermarkets like Waitrose and John Lewis. Marks Spenser (MS) and Waitrose attract the premium customers and also create their own brand values. Sainsburys and Morrisons attract a medium range customer who wants quality food at competitive range. Sainsburys slogan is Try something new today while Morrisons message is Better than half price at Morrisons, Great savings on big brands at Morrisons. This is the reason Marks Spenser slogan for the food range is This is not just food, it is MS food and same way Waitrose slogan is everyone deserves quality food. However, supermarkets try to focuses the consumer group they like to attract. 4.1.4 Pricing Strategy Price is the major factor which influence to consumers to switch to other supermarkets or retailer. Supermarkets compete with each other to sell the products at the best rate to the consumers. Tesco and Asda is the biggest competitor in the economical consumer range. They are trying to sell the products to best price to retail the customer loyalty to supermarket. Many supermarkets offers price comparison on their website so the consumers can see how much they have saved on their shopping. Most supermarkets also show the competitors price next to products in their shelves in order to make it easy for the consumers to compare. It is the biggest success factor of the Supermarkets. 4.3 Tescos Success During the Recession A Case Study Tesco has presence in 14 countries and have 4300 stores across the globe. It has declared 10% increase in its profit to  £3.5bn. According to Sir Terry Leahy, a Chief Executive of Tesco, Tesco is stronger than it was before recession. It now accounts for more than  £3 out of every  £10 spent on food by British shoppers, while its non-food sales, (clothing, home wares) have topped  £10bn. (Guardian, 2010) Tescos belief is to look after the customers. It also believes that if we sell more we can get better buying terms and those results in to lower price and higher profit margins. Lower prices can bring large sales volume and the cycle continues. Its rewarding Club card is another mile stone in success of Tesco. Tesco has succeeded in making itself largely classless, with price ranges designed to cater across the board. (Guardian, 2010) According to Sir Terry Leahy, Chief Executive of Tesco, during the recession when customers everywhere are feeling the economic strain, Tesco is responding to their changing needs by lowering prices, introducing more affordable products and offering even sharper promotions. (Tesco PLC, 2009) Here the author has discussed the success factors in detail. 4.3.1 Lower Price During the economic downturn consumers tends to limit on their spending and looking for the cheap bargain products. Tesco has large consumer group. It is easy for them to buy large quantity to meet the demand in order to meet the consumer requirement at a lower price. So they can offer the products at a lower price to customers. Consumer can also compare the price of the products they buying to make it easy for the consumer to select the products. 4.3.2 Affordable Products Tesco sells various brands products. During the recession, consumer looking for the more economical solution to of those of the branded products. Tesco grab the opportunity and offered its own brand product which are same in the quality but at a cheap price. It bagged huge success for the Tesco. Now Tesco sells all ranges of its own brand from packed food to toiletries. 4.3.3 Promotions Offers In the recession, consumers looking for better promotions and offers to save money. There would be always various attractive offers in the Tesco stores for consumers. In order to maintain the customer loyalty Tesco tries to sell the products at the same prices or lower than its rivals. 4.3.4 Clubcard Tescos one of the biggest success factors is its award winning Clubcard loyalty scheme. Clubcard gives rewards to regular customers at the regular interval. Dunnhumby, Tesco co-own research group, analyses the shopping habits of its 16 million cardholders. (Guardian, 2010) Tesco knows more about its shoppers than any of its rivals and can tailor offers to customers. The analysis helps to analyse the consumer regular buying habit and make it easy for the Tesco to locate it easily for the consumers. 4.4 Effects of Recession on Supermarket Industry 4.4.1 Secondary Research It seems that relatively Supermarket industry to beunaffected by the recession. Companies such as Tesco, Sainsburys, Morrisons and Lidl are still experiencing growth. Research has shown that Tescos turnover increased from  £47.3 billion in 2008 to  £54.3 billion in 2009 (Tesco PLC, 2009) while Lidl ltd. (2009), has experienced a 93% increase in turnover from 2005 to 2009. It was been expected from Lidl, as it is a heavy branded discounter. During times of recession market leaders tend to loose customers to the hard discounters who consumers choose during a recession (Mattioli, 2009). According to TNS Global World Panel, Sainsburys market share increased to 16.1% in 2009 compared to 15.8% in 2008 and Morrisons was also up and holds 11.6% market share in 2009. While Asda has shown slight growth and had 16.8% market shares in 2009. At the same time Tesco has lose 0.1% in market share but it still counts 30.8% market share in the industry in 2009. (BBC, 2009) All the supermarkets are battling to retain the consumers loyalty. They are trying to attract them with their budget range of products. In the contrary the local shops have suffered a lot. Because people believe that shopping at local shop would be expensive. In the 2009, Local shop sells was  £550mn which was  £50mn less than 2008. According to Dean Best, analyst at just-food.com, local stores can survive if they emphasise the service and the product knowledge that people feel they cant find in the big four supermarkets. (BBC, 2009) 4.4.2 Primary Research To explore the effect of recession Supermarket Industry, the author has done a primary research to find out the consumer behaviour during the recession in order to find out the habit and patterns of the consumers. Author has also tried to find out the impact of VAT increase on the consumer buying behaviour. 4.4.1 Questionnaire Research (Appendices 1) The questionnaire has 15 questions. There were 34 participants. While asking about their annual income only 88% participants were ready to give information while 12% participants didnt want to give that information. Those who gave their income details, 53% salary ranges  £10000- £19999, 30% ranges  £0- £9999, 10% ranges from  £20000- £29999 and only 7% participants salary was  £40,000+. There were 71% male participants and 29% female participants. Q.3 Gender Question 4 and 5 asked about impact of increase in VAT on buying behaviour. We received some interesting results (see figure 4.2). Out of 34 participants 71% responded that it will affect their buying behaviour while 29% says that it will have no effect as the increase would be very nominal and not noticeable. As we can see from the figure 4.2, 35% participants saying that the increase in VAT will badly affect their daily shopping. As they have to do large shopping and overall house budget will increase and savings will be decreased. Some respondents says that they will have to be careful on what they spending now as smaller purchases are not noticeable but they really impact on the household budget. 47% respondents are saying that effect of increase in VAT would be little as the increase is just 2.5% and the price increase would be few pence. And with surprise, 18% respondents are saying that it will not affect at all. Question 6 and 7 asked about the money spend on groceries and non groceries each week in UK pounds. The author has received very mixed responses. 29% of participants were spending  £15- £29 on groceries while 18% spending less than  £15 and another 18% says they spend only  £30- £40 on groceries. In non groceries 41% participants were spending less than while another 24% and 18% spending only  £15-29 and  £30- £44 respectively. This data shows that the participants are spending more money on groceries compare to non grocery product in the recession. While asking them about this difference they replied that groceries are basic needs, demand will be the same whether there is recession or not (however this type of demand may change qualitatively). However the non groceries items can be controlled by them during the recession while prices are rising. Q.6 About how much do you spend on groceries each week? Q.5 About how much do you spend on non groceries each week? Question 8 there are some actions given which normally people do in recession. They are to control spending (stop using services/products, buy less), replace only when needed (or buy smaller packages), do it yourself (homemade food, prepare/organise/make by yourself), shop smarter (buy when promotions and discounts available), seek value for money (comparing prices, search for lower ones). While asking the participants to pick 1 or 2, highest pick the seek value for money (24%), 23% responded that they will shop smarter, 21% said that they will control spending. Only 16% said they will replace when needed and do by themselves like, preparing food at home rather than getting from outside. This shows that there is an effect of recession on participants that is why they are comparing prices, search for lower ones, buy when promotions and discounts available during shopping. However they had few responses on controlling spending like stop using services/products, buy less, use homemade f ood, prepare/organise/ make by themselves. While asking the reasons they replied that the main reason is regular fixed income. They all are working fulltime or part time, retired participants have their pension income. This shows that the retail stores have to change their marketing style they should get the trust or make the customer believe that they are saving money while shopping in that store. For example many of supermarket also make place of emphasis on providing value for money. Supermarkets have focused on these consumers and created a lot of special offer to attract them during recession. And the result is supermarkets have done better during the recession than other retail industries. Q.8 In terms of the recession what do you prefer to do? Opinion Percentage control spending (for example: stop using services/products, buy less) 21% replace only when needed (or buy smaller packages) 16% do-it-yourself (for example: home-made food, prepare/organise/make by yourself) 16% shop smarter (for example: buy when promotions and discounts available) 23% seek value for money(for example: comparing prices, search for lower ones) 24% Table 4.4: In terms of the recession what do you prefer to do? Figure 4.5: In terms of the recession what do you prefer to do? Question 9 asked respondents to quantify the factors which made them shop. There were choices like important or unimportant, exciting or unexciting, interesting or boring and fun or nor fun. Finding suggests that for grocery shopping is important but its not very exciting, interesting or fun because it is regular basis shopping. However for non grocery items for example electric goods it is not regular shopping so it is more important, exciting, interesting and more fun. Obviously this small sample suggests that non grocery retailing lot benefit making their product proposition very exciting. The author would also suggest that the same has been and can be applied to grocery retailing. Q.9 Shopping for you is Question 10 asked respondents there is a list of factors which are important for the people while deciding where to do their weekly grocery shopping. The finding shows 44% of participants have given more importance to Low Price. Second factor which got high importance (78%) is accessed example On Public Transport Route. 44% of participants have given importance to Promotion and Special Offers, 67% to availability of Cash Machine and 50% to Customer Service/Friendly and helpful staff. However the research shows that 25% of participants gave more importance to High Quality while 29% has given a little importance to the High Quality. On the other hand the research revealed that 75% of participants give no importance to Store Loyalty Cards and Schemes. 100% participants give no importance to Online Ordering or Delivery Schemes or Large selection of Organic Goods in respect of grocery shopping. They said that because of the recession period they are giving more priority to low price products and services, and Promotional offers. Lots of people are travelling by public transport to save money and time that is why they give more importan ce on Public Transport Route. Highest Quality comes with high price so in this recession few participants give priority to it. When one looks at results, ranking of respondents does it mean the price is now order winner and quality is becoming a more qualifier (a given). Q.10 What is important for you while deciding where to do your weekly grocery shopping? Question 11 and 12 asked respondents which grocery and non grocery chain they usually use (See appendix 1). The study revealed that more participants are using economical supermarket chain like Aldi, Asda, Tesco, Morrisons, Iceland, Co-operative Group and Sainsbury. While very few participants are using Mark and Spencer, Waitrose in their regular shopping. However in non grocery shopping participants express that they use Argos, Asda and Currys most because of their good promotions and offers. While they use very little other chains like PC World, Staples, Comet, etc. For grocery chains Aldi is obviously the super discounter where as Tesco cannot be classified as such. And the Co operative Group generally has high price compare to other main chains. Our result of the number is the stores in the area. Or it is genuinely due to economics. For non grocery chains this is little bit more obvious; Currys and Argos are definitely non grocery whereas Asda is a grocery store our 23% who shops for non grocery products at Asda; simply buying Asda brand products example George. Q.11 Which grocery chain do you usually use? Q.12 Which non-grocery chain do you usually use? In question 13 the author has asked to express the participants views in relation to the supermarket they spend most. After getting their views it reveals that there should be more special deals in the local grocery stores, they think most supermarkets are same, they want to maximise their return on their spending by getting the best quality at the low price, they are not convince by the supermarket status, they have a lower belief that supermarkets are reliable in the delivery of product and service. However they have trust in their supermarket, they also have concern that the supermarket are concerns for the customer being well, they do not believe that they have relationship with supermarket, they would go to the more than one supermarket rather than sticking to one, they are happy with the customer service provided by the supermarket and they want that supermarket should make more efforts to getting to know their customers that what they like or dislikes. There are some important issues which arise from data. Nine of the respondents agree or strongly agree they are not interested in bargain seeking however the stores selected in Question 11 were bargain stores example Aldi, Tesco. Another contradiction to in the above is that 5 out of 9 respondents agreed or strongly agreed that it was important to keep up special deals at grocery stores because consumers wants to get more from their spending. All respondents indicated that they always try to maximise quality for the money spend. This seems to correlate with response given about the importance of quality in Question 10. Perhaps the most impressive agreement was in the survey was that participants did not perceive that supermarket did not make any effort for what they like. On positive side of supermarket is that most of the participants trust the supermarket they shop at, believe it would not trick them and its reliable for deliver goods and services. Q.13 Please indicate your agreement or disagreement with the following statements in the relation to the supermarket you spend most. Statements Strongly agree Agree neither nor disagree Strongly disagree I have little or no grocery shopping 4 3 7 11 9 Im not interested in bargain seeking 4 5 4 16 5 Its important for me to keep up with special deals being offered by the grocery stores in my area 3 18 6 7    Most of the supermarkets are all alike 4 18 3 7 2 While purchasing the product I always try to maximise the quality I get for the money I spend 8 18 5 2 1 When people see me purchasing from this store they form an opinion of me 2 4 18 9 1 The supermarket is reliable in the delivery of product and service 1 21 8 3 1 The supermarket in which I shop wont trick me 4 14 11 3 2 I feel the supermarket is concerned about its customers being well 3 10 14 6 1 I trust the supermarket, I shop at 2 17 13 2    I would recommend the supermarket to others 3 16 10 4 1 I am loyal to the supermarket 3 9 13 7 2 I have relationship with the supermarket 2 4 16 9 2 Id prefer to go to the only one supermarket for my shopping 4 5 7 14 4 Store loyalty cards are not worth having. The supermarket just wants us to think more positive about it 3 10 12 6 3 Being satisfied with the supermarket makes me loyal to it 3 15 11 4 1 The loyalty card makes me to repurchase at the same store 1 8 10 12 3 Im satisfied with the way the supermarket informs me about its products/services 3 8 18 4    Im satisfied with customer service at the supermarket 2 14 11 5 2 Id love the supermarket to make more efforts in getting to know what I like and dislike 7 16 7 3 1 Table 4.10: The supermarket you spend most In Question 12 participants asked to give their opinions that which promotions appeal them most. It shows that promotion from Asda and Tesco appeals them most. They are also attracted to promotions of Morrisons, Aldi, Marks Spencer and Sainsburys. But the promotion from the Waitrose and Lidl has less impact on them. They shop at Tesco, they like Tesco, this seems it appears to be fertile ground for super discounters like Aldi. Q.14 Which promotions mostly appeals to you? Promotions Percentage Only 1 pound each! Half price! Earn nectar points too. Sainsburys. Try something new today. 15% All the ingredients for a great picnic. (Well even supply a free rug or cool bag.) Waitrose. Everyone deserves quality food. 6% Better than half price at Morrisons. Great savings on big brands at Morrisons. Price crunch. Save 4.5pounds! 10% Tesco. Every little helps. Half price. 99p each. Its more rewarding with Clubcard 25% Wider choice. Lower price. ASDA. Saving you money every day. 22% Lidl. Seriously cheaper! Available in-store now. Sensational Deal! Incredible Offer! 5% The big deal. Aldis biggest summer deals. On sale 30th July. Aldi. Spend a little Live a lot. Hurry, once theyre gone, theyre gone. 9% Offer ends Sunday. Dine in for two  £10. Summer menu now being served. Yours MS. Quality worth every penny 9% Table 4.11: Which promotions mostly appeals to you? Figure 4.9: Which promotions mostly appeals to you? 4.4 Summary In this chapter has explored how Supermarkets got success during the recession with their strategy. Supermarkets have given a great lesson to other retail industry how to survive during the recession. Supermarkets havent just survived but they have outperformed. In the next chapter author will give conclusion and recommendation how other retail industry can survive during the recession like Supermarkets. Words: 2879 Finch, J. (2010), Tesco beats the recession to unveil record profits again, Guardian, [Online] Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/apr/25/tesco-record-profits-terry-leahy (Accessed on: 16th January 2011) Tesco Plc (2009), TESCO: Growth in Tough Times, [Online] Available from: http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/ir/pres_results/results/r2009/2009-04-21/2009-04-21.pdf (Accessed on: 16th January 2011) Farnham, J. (2009), Recession bites into eating habits, [Online], Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8124352.stm (Accessed on: 16th January 2011) Lidl ltd (2009) Company Report Mattioli, D. (2009) In Recession Specials, Small Firms Revise Pricing Discounts and Lower-End Offerings Help Lure Cash-Strapped Customers; Vans Complement Limo Services Town Cars Wall Street Journal, Jun 9, 2009: B.5 Tesco PLC (2009) Company Report

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